Ƙabilun Ghana
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Gabatarwa
Ghana, ƙasa ce mai yawan ƙabilu. “A bisa ƙiyasi, akwai kusan mabambantan gungu-gungun ƙabilu 100 waɗanda za a iya gane su ta hanyar bambancin harshe ko wasu al’adu na daban waɗanda kuma sau-da-yawa suke tsaye a kan ƙafansu kuma zayanannu a jerin sunayen ƙabilu bisa ƙididdigar ƙidayar 1960”, Irvin da Tawagarsa (1971). Waɗannan ƙabilu an tattare su waje guda aka kuma karkasa su zuwa yanki-yanki a ƙarƙashin manya-manyan ƙabilu guda biyar. Adutwumwah (2020) ya ce: “…manya-manyan ƙabilu biyar; Akan, Ewe, Mole-Dagbane, Guan, da Ga-Adangbe”. Sai kuma ya cigaba da cewa: “Akan su ne mamallaka kusan dukkan Kudu da Gabacin Black Volta, Ewe suka mallaki Kudu-Maso-Yamma, Mole-Dagbane kuma suke da Arewa, Guan suna da Kudancin gaɓar teku sai kuma Ga-Adangbe da suke da Yankin Ankara (Accra)”.
Asante da Gyimah-Boadi (2004) sun bayyana cewa: “An ƙiyasta cewa akwai kusan ƙabilu casa’in da biyu (92) a Ƙasar Ghana ababen dunƙulewa a ƙarƙashin manya-manyan ƙabilu masu suna Akan, Mole Dagbani, Ewe, Ga Adangbe, Guan da Gume (Guma)”. Sun sake ɗaukar waɗannan manya-manyan ƙabilu suka zayyana su daki-daki tare da kawo ƙananan ƙabilun da ke ƙarƙashin kowace ƙabila kamar haka:
- Akan 8, 562, 748 (49.1%)
- Mole Dagbani 2, 883, 931 (16.5%).
- Ewe 2, 212, 113 (12.7%).
- Ga Adangbe 1, 387, 217 (8.0%).
- Guan 758, 779 (4.4%).
- Gurma 678, 681 (3.9%).
- Grusi with 490, 379 (2.8%).
- Mande–Busanga 193, 443 (1.1%).
- Sauran dukkan ƙabilu 269.302 (1.5%).
Akan 49.1% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:
- Agona 1.4%.
- Ahafo 1.1%.
- Ahanta 1.5%.
- Akwapim 2.9%.
- Akwamu 0.6%.
- Akyem 3.4%..
- Aowin, 0.6%.
- Asante 14.8%.
- Asen (Assin) 0.8%.
- Boron/Bono/Brong.
- Banda 4.6%.
- Chokosi 0.4%.
- Denkyira 0.5%.
- Eɓalue 0.1%.
- Fanti 9.9%.
- Kwahu 1.9%.
- Nzema 1.2%.
- Sefwi 1.2%.
- Wassa 1.4%
- Akan da ba a tantance su ba 0.8%.
Ga Adangbe 8.0% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:
- Adangbe 4.3%. Ga, 3.4%. Ga-Dangme da ba a tantance ba 0.3%.
Guan 4.4% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:
- Akpafu, Lolobi, Likpe, 0.4%.
- Aɓatime, Nyingbo, Tafi, 0.2%.
- Awutu, Efutu, Senya, 0.6%.
- Cherepong, Larteh, Anum, 0.9%.
- Gonja, 1.2%; Nkonya, 0.1%.
- Yefi, Nchumuru, Krachi, 0.6%.
- Guan da ba a tantance ba 0.2%.
Gurma 3.9% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:
- Bimoba 0.6%.
- Kokomba 2.7%.
- Kyamba (Tchamba), Baasari, 0.3%.
- Pilapila 0.0%.
- Salfalba (sabulaba) 0.0%.
- Gurma da ba a tantance ba 0.2%
Ewes 13% su kaxai ne
Mole-Dagbani 16.5% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:
- Builsa (Kagyaga or Kanja), 0.7%.
- Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%.
- Dagomba 4.3%; Kusasi 2.2%.
- Mamprusi 1.1%.
- Namnam (Nandom) 2.4%.
- Nankansi and Gurense 0.5%.
- Walba (Wala) 1.0%.
- Nanumba 0.5%.
- Mole – Dagbon da ba a tantance ba 0.1%.
Grusi 2.8% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:
- Kasena (Paga) 0.7%
- Mo, 0.3%.
- Sisala 0.9%.
- Ɓagala 0.2%.
- Grusi 0.2%
- Grusi da ba a tantance ba 0.4%
Mande-Busanga 1.1% a ƙarƙashinsu akwai:
- Busanga, 0.8%.
- Wangara (Bambara, Mandingo) 0.3%.
- Mande-Busanga da ba a tantance ba 0.1%
Dukkan sauran ƙabilu 1.5%.
Manazarta
Adutwumwah D. (2020). The Continuities Within the Ghanaian Festival Scene: The Performance of Nation Building and Identity Formation. Senior Project Submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York.
Asante R. da Gyimah-Boadi E. (2004). Ethnic Structure, Inequality and Governance of the Public Sector in Ghana. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. An ciro a 2021 daga shafin: https://unrisd.org/
Irvin K. da Tawagarsa (1971). Area Handbook for Ghana. American University, Washington, D.C. Foreign Area Studies. An ciro a 2021 daga shafin: https://files.eric.ed.goɓ/fullteɗt/ED059936.pdf